Sapphire

With the diameter range between 0.2mm to 300mm,Photonchina fabricate sapphire rectangular windows, T-step windows, conical windows, wedges, wafers, rod lenses, plano-convex lenses, tubes etc.

Introduction of Sapphire

Sapphire is often used in infrared optical components, high-durability windows and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of special-purpose solid-state electronics such as integrated circuits and GaN-based blue LEDs.

 

Sapphire has a unique combination of physical, chemical and optical properties, which make it resistant to high temperature, thermal shock, water and sand erosion, and scratching. It is a superior IR window material for use under such conditions as high temperature and pressure, thermal shock, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance or chemical attack. Sapphire exhibits high internal transmittance all the way from 150nm to 6um. It is very hard, second only to diamond. Large sizes are grown by using the heat exchanger method (HEM). It has a hexagonal crystalline structure and exhibits birefringence, a difference of 0.008 (refractive index of e-ray is smaller, negative uniaxial crystal). Besides optical applications, C-plane sapphire substrates are widely used to grow III-V and II-VI compounds such as GaN for blue LED and laser diodes, while R-plane substrates are used for the hetero-epitaxial deposition of silicon for microelectronic IC applications.

 

Sapphire

Sapphire Unit Cell

 

 

Sapphire windows/lenses Properties

 

Sapphire

Refractive index verse wavelength for O-ray

 

 

Sapphire

1-mm thick sapphire external transmittance curve 

 

 

Thermal and Mechanical Properties

 

Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
40~400 °C (/°C)
Parallel to C Axis 7.7X10-6
Perpendicular to C Axis 7.0X10-6
Thermal Conductivity (40°C  W/m·K) 25.12
Melting Point (°C)

 

2053

 

Specific Heat (J/(Kg·K)

 

0.75X103
Density (g/cm3)

 

3.99

 

Young’s Modulus (GPa) 345
Poisson’s Ratio 0.18~0.29 (Orientation Dependent)
Shear Modulus (GPa) 146

 

Mohs Hardness 9
Structure Hexagonal-rhombohedral
Lattice Constants (Å) a=4.763   c=13.003
Dielectric Strength (V/m) 48X106
Dielectric Constant Parallel to C Axis 11.5 (1MHz)
Perpendicular to C Axis 9.3 (1MHz)
Volume Resistance (Ω·cm, 20°C) >1014

 

Sapphire product range in Photonchina

Due to its perfect durability, resistance to both corrosion and high temperature, as well as a very wide range of spectral transmission, sapphire products provided by Photonchina, from windows to lens, are widely used in aerospace, analytical instruments, medical equipment, optical devices, and illumination and even in watches.

With the diameter range between 0.2mm to 300mm,Photonchina manufactures sapphire rectangular windows, T-step windows (round and Rectangular), all-surfaces-polished windows, conical windows, wedges, wafers, rod lenses, plano-convex lenses, tubes etc. Excellent surface quality, high level flatness and parallelism have gained good performance in customer’s applications.